In 2025, all countries are due to submit updated or new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through 2035. These climate plans are a critical test of how governments are responding to the first Global Stocktake (GST-1). Released today, this tracker measures to what extent updated NDCs are demonstrating commitment to tripling renewables, doubling energy efficiency, phasing down unabated coal, transitioning away from fossil fuels, and phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.
Since November 2024, just 32 countries have submitted updated or new NDCs, covering 21 percent of global emissions. Many of the world’s largest emitters, including China, the EU, India and Indonesia, have not yet submitted.
The tracker will be updated in the coming weeks with major new developments, including the China and EU NDCs, alongside other key countries including Indonesia, expected around the UN General Assembly (UNGA), particularly the NDC Summit on September 24th.
Key findings include:
The majority of countries include quantified targets for renewable energy deployment: almost three-quarters (72 percent, 23/32) of the NDCs submitted to date either quantify their 2035 renewable energy goal, or, in the case of Uruguay and Lesotho, already have such a high penetration of renewables in their power mix that an increase in ambition is not possible.
Almost all countries – 91 percent (29/32) - mention improving energy efficiency in their NDC, but less than half with mentions (14/29) provide a quantified target.
78 percent of countries that have submitted new NDCs (25/32 countries) either have no coal in their energy mix, or reference intentions to phase down unabated coal power. Of the countries still using coal, over half (59 percent, 10/17) mention plans to phase down unabated coal power, with five countries providing a timeline for this effort. Four countries (24 percent of those with coal, 4/17) include a commitment to stop permitting and building new coal. These are Cambodia, Canada, Singapore and the UK.
No country has provided a quantified target for winding down oil and gas production. Of the 32 countries that have submitted NDCs in this cycle so far, 17 produce oil or fossil gas. Of these 17, only two – Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) – included a mention of reducing oil and gas production.
Of the 32 countries that have submitted updated or new NDCs in this cycle, 23 (72 percent) have not mentioned fossil fuel subsidy reform, despite its inclusion in Paragraph 28.
Over half (56 percent, 18/32) of the 2035 NDCs – and of EMDEs, 80 percent of the 2035 NDCs - submitted to date are conditional (or partly conditional) on international finance, technical assistance, or some other form of support.
“Climate plans so far show that countries’ appetite for the economic, security and health benefits of clean energy remain unshaken by geopolitical turbulence” said Katrine Petersen, Senior Policy Advisor at E3G. “But to accelerate the move away from fossil fuels and cut emissions in line with what’s needed, all countries must step up on ambition and delivery. With the September NDC deadline approaching, leaders must grasp the opportunity to place concrete, ambitious targets to move beyond fossil fuels at the heart of their climate plans, turning momentum on renewables into lasting global prosperity and security.”
For additional information:
